Challenge and validate assumptions

In the vegan-burger business case, which assumptions are most likely to be incorrect or fragile, and how would you test them? Cover uncertainty in the demand forecast, price elasticity, cannibalization of the classic burger, substitution or halo effects, supplier reliability and order minimums, learning-curve impacts on labor time, kitchen capacity limits, regional differences, and decay in promotional lift. Lay out a sensitivity analysis plan—key variables, reasonable ranges, and a tornado chart—along with an experimental or observational design for removing bias from the estimates.

Overview: This question tests a data scientist's ability to spot fragile business assumptions, run sensitivity analysis, and design experiments and observational studies to validate parameters tied to demand, price elasticity, cannibalization, supply constraints, labor learning curves, regional heterogeneity, and promotional decay.